Assalamualaikum warrahmatullahiwabarrakatuh.
Text 1
Vitamin D deficiency is traditionally associated with bone and muscle weakness, but in recent years a number of studies have shown that low levels of the vitamin may predispose the body to high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and chronic blood vessel inflammation (associated with hardening
of the arteries). It also alters hormone levels to increase insulin resistance, which raises the risk of diabetes.
In a review article published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, researchers surveyed recent studies on the link between vitamin D deficiency and heart disease to come up with practical advice on screening and treatment. They concluded that vitamin D deficiency is much more common than previously thought, affecting up to half of adults and apparently healthy children in the U.S. Researchers say higher rates of vitamin D deficiency may be due in part to people spending more time indoors and efforts to minimize sun exposure through the use of sunscreens. Sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 blocks approximately 99% of vitamin D synthesis by the skin.
“We are outside less than we used be, and older adults and people who are overweight or obese are less efficient at making vitamin D in response to sunlight,” says O’Keefe. “A little bit of sunshine is a good thing, but the use of sunscreen to guard against skin cancer is important if you plan to be outside for more than 15 to 30 minutes of intense sunlight exposure.”
(soal prediksi UTBK)
1. The main idea of this passage is that …
A. vitamin D deficiency in one’s body is the main cause of diseases.
B. Traditional vitamin D deficiency causes problems in bones and muscles.
C. Research findings show vitamin D deficiency may lead to health problems.
D. The best source of vitamin D to improve one’s health comes form sunshine.
E. The U.S. researchers say-that sunscreen can keep everyone from skin diseases.
2. Skin cancer is believed to be the effect of ….
A. low levels of vitamin consumption.
B. excessive exposure to sunlight.
C. chronic vitamin D deficiency.
D. doing more indoor activities.
E. lack of sun protection factor.
3. Paragraph preceding the text will probably discuss about…..
A. vitamin D and its benefits to our health
B. the danger of vitamin deficiency to our health
C. types of vitamins which are good for our health
D. the danger of insufficiency of vitamin D in humn body
E. the relation between skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency
4. For whom the passage is intended?
A. the students of medical faculty
B. doctors and medical staff
C. the minister of health
D. people in general
E. physicians
Text 2
The use of narcotics and illegal drugs does not merely have an impact on mental and behavioral disorders. Even worse, drugs damage the heart and can lead to death. The effects of drugs on the heart vary, ranging from mild, severe, to death.
There are three types of drugs that cause death in the heart muscle: cocaine, amphetamines, and ecstasy. These three types of drug substances have a similar effect on the heart. They cause an increase in the catecholamine hormone which makes the heart work harder. The effect of consuming it is a sudden increase in blood pressure. As a result, the heart muscles’ demand for oxygen increases. The long-term effect of using this type of drug can damage (tie walls of the blood vessels, both the arteries and coronary arteries. This condition causes a tear in the blood vessel wall. In addition, damage to the heart muscle can interfere with the heart’s pumping function and cause heart rhythm disturbances. The heart rates can become very fast and a cardiac arrest can happen.
Other groups of drugs that damage the heart are LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) and psilocybin, which causes hallucinations. The effect of these substances on the heart is an increase in the heart rate and blood pressure though it is not as high as that caused by cocaine or amphetamines. A rare but quite serious effect is a heart rhythm disorder in the form of tachyarrhythmia where the heart rate increases very rapidly. The next prohibited substance is morphine and its derivatives.
Besides LSD, there is morphine which is a strong antidote to pain, but excessive use of this substance will lead to addiction. The higher the dose is consumed, the greater is the effect in reducing the heart’s performance. The fatal effects comprise, among others, shocks and cardiac arrest. Another disorder found in morphine users is pulmonary edema, which is submerged lungs that can be fatal. The last group is marijuana. In high doses, marijuana causes a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to fatality. The most severe condition due to marijuana are cardiac arrest and death.
(soal UTBK 2019)
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Type of narcotics n illegal drugs
B. Types of drugs and their effects on our health
C. The danger of using drugs towards human body
D. The use of narcotics an illegal drugs and its beneficial effect on its users
E. The negative impacts of using narcotics an illegal drugs towards human heart
6. Based on the passage, the effect of using large amounts of morphine is….
A. hallucinations among the users
B. dramatic increase in heart rates
C. weakening of the hearts performance
D. trouble with the heart’s pumping function
E. decrease in blood pressure and heart rates
7. Which conclusion is the most appropriate based on the passage?
A. The higher the dose of the drug consumed, the greater the impact on the heart’s health.
B. Taking small amounts of drugs under prescription is allowed for medical reasons only.
C. The less drug is consumed, the healthier the condition of one’s heart.
D. Illegal drugs of the LSD type have a fatal effect on the heart’s health.
E. Not consuming drugs can maintain heart’s optimum health.
8. What is the author’ main reason in writing the passage?
A. People’s misconceptions on the use and the danger of illegal drugs towards heart
B. People’s misunderstanding about the danger of illegal drugs towards our heart
C. The limited information of the danger of illegal drugs towards our heart
D. The lack of information about the types and the use of illegal drugs
E. The controversy on the use of narcotics and illegal drugs
Text 3
Smartphones, tablets and e-readers should have an automatic “bedtime mode” that stops them disrupting people’s sleep, says a leading doctor. Professor Paul Gringras argued the setting should filter out the blue light that delays the body clock and keeps people awake later into the evening. The doctor, from Evelina Children’s Hospital in London, said every new mode 5 l was “bluer and brighter”. He said manufacturers needed to show more “responsibility”.
As it gets darker in the evening, the body starts to produce the sleep hormone melatonin – which helps people nod off. Certain wavelengths of light, those at the blue-green end of the spectrum, can disrupt the system.
Professor Gringras was part of a study, published in Frontiers in Public Health, analysing the light emitted by devices. It concluded there was a clear trend for new devices to be bigger, brighter, have higher levels of contrast and 10 emit more blue light. The professor of children’s sleep medicine told the BBC News website: “That is great for use in the day, but awful for use at night.
“There is converging data to say if you are in front of one of these devices at night-time it could prevent you falling asleep by an extra hour. “He said some sleep-aware apps had already been designed to reduce blue-green light emissions. And that a 15 bedtime mode could automatically filter out the blue as software such as flux already does. He said there needed to be “more responsibility from 15 manufacturers” and the “key is to automate it” Professor Gringras added: “It is not good enough to say do less and accept this is the world we live in, they are fun devices but we do need some protection on what they do at night-time.” (SBMPTN asli 2016)
9. The passage mainly discusses a topic on ….
A. sleep disorder and its cure
B. problems with new electronic gadgets
C. blue-green light found in electronic devices
D. electronic gadgets that help people fall asleep
E. new technology that can help reduce sleep disruption
10. The word emitted in line 8 in the passage means ….
A. shaded
B. triggered
C. produced
D. blocked
E. reflected
11. Who are responsible for the automation of the blue-green light that may be caused by electronic
devices, according to professor Gringras?
A. Manufacturers
B. Scientists
C. Inventors
D. Seller
E. Users
PEMBAHASAN
1. Jawaban C
Pembahasan : Informasi tersebut dapat ditemukan dalam kutipan berikut:..” , but in recent years a number of studies have shown that low levels of the vitamin may predispose the body to high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and chronic blood vessel inflammation (associated with hardening of the arteries). It also alters hormone levels to increase insulin resistance, which raises the risk of diabetes.”
2. Jawaban B
Pembahasan : Informasi trsebut dapat ditemukan dalam kutipan berikut:..” A little bit of sunshine is a good thing, but the use of sunscreen to guard against skin cancer is important if you plan to be outside for more than 15 to 30 minutes of intense sunlight exposure.”
3. Jawaban A
Pembahasan : (Preceding paragaph=paragraf sebelum teks) berkaitan
erat dengan paragraf pertama kalimat pertama, dan memuat informasi yang
lebih general (umum).
Karena paragraf pertama kalimat pertama
memuat informasi tentang efek kekurangan vitamin D pada kesehatan, maka
paragraf sebelumnya berisi info yang lebih umum namun tetap berkaitan
dengannya. Sehingga opsi yang paling tepat adalah ..”vitamin D and its
benefits to our health”..
(vitamin D dan manfatnya pada kesehatan).
4. Jawaban D
Pembahasan :
Teks diatas adalah teks yang berisi informasi umum
tentang efek kekurangan vitamin D pada kesehatan, sehingga teks tersebut
ditujukan kepada para pembaca secara luas/umum ( people in general).
5. Jawaban E
Pembahasan :
Topic teks tersebut bisa ditemukan di paragaf pertama
seperti dalam kutipn berikut:..” The use of narcotics and illegal drugs
does not merely have an impact on mental and behavioral disorders. Even
worse, drugs damage the heart and can lead to death”,…
6. Jawaban C
Pembahasan :
Informasi tersebut bisa ditemukn dari kutipan di
paragraf 4 berikut:…” Besides LSD, there is morphine which is a strong
antidote to pain, but excessive use of this substance will lead to
addiction. The higher the dose is consumed, the greater is the effect in
reducing the heart’s performance”.. reducing the heart’s performance =
weakening of the hearts performance.
7. Jawaban E
Pembahasan :
A. Seluruh paragraf dalam teks diatas menjelaskan tentang
efek negatif mengkonsumsi narkotika terhadap kesehatan jantung.
Sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa:..” Not consuming drugs can maintain
heart’s optimum health”..tidak mengkonsumsi zat zat terebut akan bis
menjaga kondisi optimal dari kinerja jantung kita.
8. Jawaban C
Pembahasan :
Teks diatas secara detail menjelaskan tentang “The
negative impacts of using narcotics an illegal drugs towards human
heart”, sehingga motivasi utama penulis adalah (menyediakan informasi)
karena kurangnya /terbatasnya infomasi tentang bahaya narkoba pada
kesehatan jantung= The limited information of the danger of illegal
drugs towards our heart.
9. Jawaban E
Pembahasan :
Informasi tersebut dapat ditemukan dan disimpulkan
dari kutipan berikut:..” Smartphones, tablets and e-readers should have
an automatic “bedtime mode” that stops them disrupting people’s sleep,
says a leading doctor.”
10. Jawaban C
Pembahasan :
Emitted bermakna mengeluarkan, menghasilkan, maka opsi yang paling sesuai adalah produced.
11. Jawaban A
Pembahasan : Informasi tersebut dapat ditemukan dan disimpulkan dari kutipan berikut:..” . He said there needed to be “more responsibility from 15 manufacturers” and the “key is to automate it”.
Demikian pembahasan soal UTBK Bahasa Inggris kali ini semoga bermanfaat.
Wassalamualaikum warrahmatullahiwabarrakatuh.
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