Assalamualaikum warrahmatullahiwabarrakatuh
berikut ini adalah soal - soal SBMPTN yang bisa adik-adik gunakan sebagai latihan untuk
menghadapi Ujian masuk Perguruan Tinggi. Selamat mengerjakan...
Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano keeps erupting with syrupy lava flows, serving as a fiery reminder
of nature’s destructive power. There are two contents flow out as molten rock and they both have
to do with volcanoes. But as the ongoing eruption captures headlines, a question might occur to the readers: What’s the difference between magma and lava?
The distinction between magma and lava is all about location. When geologists refer to magma, they’re talking about molten rock that’s still trapped underground. If this molten rock makes it to the surface and keeps flowing like a liquid, it’s called lava. Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures
from 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F). The structures resulting from subsequent solidification
and cooling are also sometimes described as lava. The molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites, though such material located below the crust is referred to by other terms.
Magmas vary in their chemical composition, which gives them—and the volcanoes that contain them different properties. Mafic magmas like those in Hawaii tend to form when the heavier crust
that forms the ocean floor melts. They contain between 47 to 63 percent silica, the mineral that makes up glass and quartz. Silicic magmas, on the other hand, tend to form when the lighter continental crust melts. These magmas are more than 63 percent silica, which makes them more viscous: At their runniest, silicic magmas flow about as well as lard or caulk which is to say not well at all. They’re
also cooler than mafic magmas. Rhyolite, an especially silica-rich type of lava, hits temperatures between only 1,200 degrees to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit.
When silicic magmas are no longer confined under sufficiently high pressure, the gases dissolved within them come out of solution and form bubbles. And just like opening a shaken-up can of soda,
the resulting rush of vapor triggers an explosive eruption. Iconic cone-shaped volcanoes called stratovolcanos, such as Mount Pinatubo, are loaded with silicic magmas. Hawaii’s volcanoes, on the other hand, contain especially low-silica magmas made of basalt, which means they have much less explosive oomph. Instead, they ooze and spatter, creating shield volcanoes—gently sloped formations that have become the islands’ signature geologic silhouette.
Adapted from: Pembahasan Soal UTBK 2019
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/05/volcano-magma-lava-difference-science/
1. What is the appropriate title of the text above?
A. The Explosive power of a volcano
B. The Distinction of Magma and Lava
C. The Characteristic of Magma and Lava
D. The Pressure of Silicic Magmas as a Compostion of a Volcano
E. The Composition of Magma and Lava Based on a Volcano Structure
2. What is the motive of the writer to present the passage?
A. To raise people awareness about the danger of volcano eruption
B. To persuade the readers not to live nearby the area of volcano eruption
C. To expose people’s lack of understanding about the terms of lava and magma
D. To describe the danger of volcano eruption through the composition of magmas
E. To straigthen people’s misconception about the difference of magma and lava
3. ‘Magmas vary in their chemical composition,..’
The sentence can be best restated with…
A. the composition of magma can be differentiated through their chemical compound
B. the basic structure of magma can be seen from their chemical component
C. the chemical structure of magma is different based on their composition
D. the nature of chemical composition is based on magma variation
E. the component of magma is made of chemical element
4. In which paragraph does the author elaborate what imposes low or high explosion of a volcano?
A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 2 and 3
E. Paragraph 3 and 4
5. What is the difference of volcanoes in Hawaii from that of Mount Pinatubo?
A. Mount Pinatubo is more destructive than Hawaii
B. Hawaii’s volcanoes are loaded with silicic magmas.
C. Mount Pinatubo is the islands who has signature geologic silhouette
D. Hawaii’s volcanoes are highly explosive than those of Mount Pinatubo
E. Volcanoes in Hawaii are less explosive power than that of Pinatubo
The following text is for number 6 to
6. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How humans compensate for an underdeveloped
sense of smell
B. The way in which bacteria work on skin cells and body
sweat
C. Why people choose bloodhounds for
household pets
D. How a bloodhound's sense of smell works
7. The author compares a scent molecule
with a ....
A. key
B. cell
C. lock
D. bloodhound
8. In line 8, the
word"it"refers to ….
A. human being
B. bloodhound
C. smell
D. body
9. According to the passage,how many
cells of skin does the human body rid itself of every day?
A. 60 trillion
B. 1 million
C. 50 million
D. Between 31 and 50
10. In line 10,the word "rich" is
used to mean that a trail is ...
A. a very costly undertaking
B. paved with precious material
C. a profitable business to get into
D. filled with an abundance of clues
11. Which of the following acts as a
stimulus in the production of the human scent?
A. Sweat
B. Bacteria
C. Dead skin cells
D. Fatty substances
The text is for number 12 to 22
Certainly no creature in the sea
is odder than the common
sea cucumber.All living
creature,especially human beings
,have their peculiarities,but
everything about the little sea
cucumber seems unusual.What
else can be said about a
line bizarre animal that,among other
eccentricities,eats mud,
feeds
almost continuously day and night but can live
(5) without eating for long periods,
and can be poisonous but
is
considered supremely edible by gourmets?
For some fifty million years,despite all its eccentricities
the sea cucumber has subsisted
on its diet of mud.It is
adaptable enough to live
attached to rocks by its tube feet
under rocks in shallow water,or
on the surface of mud flats.
(10) Common in cool water on both Atlantic and pacific
shores
it has
the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest
whatever nutrients are present.
Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors,ranging
from
black to reddish-brown to sand-color and nearly white
One
form even has vivit purple tentacles.Usually the
creatures are cucumber-shaped-hence their name-and
(15) because they are typically rock inhabitants,this
shape,
combined with flexibility,enables them to squeeze into
crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean
currents.
Although they have voracious appetites,eating day
and night,sea cucumbers have
the capacity to become
quiescent and live at a low
metabolic rate-feeding sparingly
or not at all for long
periods,so that the marine organisms
(20) that provide their food have a chance to multiply.If
it were
not
for this faculty,they would devour all the food
available in a short time and
would probably starve
themselves out of existence.
But the
most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber
is the way it defends
itself.Its major enemies are fish and
crabs,when attacked,it squirts
all its internal organs into the
water.It also casts off
attached structures such as tentacles.
The sea cucumber will
eviscerate and regenerate itself if
it is attacked or even
touched;it will do the same if
surrounding water temperature
is too high or if the water
becomes too polluted.
12. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How to identify the sea cucumber
B. What makes the sea cucumber unusual
C. The reason for the sea cucumber's name
D. Places where the sea cucumber can be found
13. In line 3,the word "bizarre"is closest meaning to ….
A. odd
B. rare
C. simple
D. marine
14. The words"this faculty"in line 20 refer to the sea cucumber's ability to
A. devour all available food in a short time
B. live at a low metabolic rate
C. squeeze into crevices
D. suck up mud or sand
15. According to the passage,why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?
A. It helps them to digest their food
B. It makes them attractive to fish.
C. It helps them to protect themselves from danger
D. It makes it easier for them to move through the mud
16. The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses ….
A. threats to sea cucumber's existence
B. the reproduction of sea cucumbers
C. the food sources of sea cucumbers
D. the eating habits of sea cucumbers
17. The phrase"casts off" in line 25 is closest in meaning to ….
A. grabs
B. gets rid of
C. grows again
D. uses as a weapon
18. Of all the characteristics of the sea cucumber,which of the following seems to fascinate
the author most?
A. What it does when threatened
B. How it hides from predators
C. Where it lives
D. What it eats
19. Compared with other sea creatures the sea cucumber is very ….
A. dangerous
B. intelligent
C. strange
D. fat
20. What can be inferred about the defense mechanism of the sea cucumber?
A. They are almost useless
B. They require group cooperation
C. They are similar to those of most sea creature
D. They are very sensitive to surrounding stimuli
21. Which of the following would not cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs
into the water?
A. Food
B. A touch
C. Pollution
D. Unusually warm water
22. Which of the following is an example of behavior comparable with the sea cucumber
living at a low metabolic rate?
A. An octopus defending itself with its tentacles
B. A parasite living on its host's blood
C. A bear hibernating in the winter
D. A pig eating constantly
KUNCI JAWABAN
1. Jawaban B
Pembahasan :
Judul yang tepat untuk wacana adalah mengenai perbedaan antara magma (magma) dan lahar
(lava). Hal ini terlihat dari kata kunci yang ada di paragraf pertama di kalimat terakhir yang
merupakan pernyataan tesis dari wacana yaitu What’s the difference between magma and lava?
Kemudian kalimat tersebut dielaborasi di paragraf-paragraf selanjutnya.
2. Jawaban E
Pembahasan :
Wacana soal berbentuk report text yang memaparkan perbedaan antara magma dan lava, dengan
demikian dapat diduga bahwa motif penulis memaparkan wacana soal adalah untuk meluruskan
miskonsepsi masyarakat akan perbedaan antara magma dan lava.
3. Jawaban A
Pembahasan :
Kalimat soal mengandung pengertian: ‘magma bervariasi dalam komposisi kimiawinya’.
Kalimat ini dapat diparafrasa menjadi ‘komposisi magma dapat dibedakan melalui komposisi
kimiawinya.’ (the composition of magma can be differentiated through their chemical compound).
4. Jawaban C
Pembahasan :
Paragraf yang membahas tentang hal yang menyebabkan tinggi rendahnya sebuah letusan merapi
adalah paragraf 4. Informasi tersebut terdapat pada kalimat ‘And just like opening a shaken-up
can of soda, the resulting rush of vapor triggers an explosive eruption’. Gagasan ini kemudian
dijelaskan oleh kalimat-kalimat berikutnya yang menjelaskan bahwa yang menyebabkan gunung
merapi di Hawai memiliki daya letus yang rendah karena kandungan magmanya.
5. Jawaban E
Pembahasan :
Perbedaan gunung merapi di Hawai dan Gunung Pinatubo adalah bahwa gunung merapi di
Hawaaii lebih rendah daya letusannya dibandingkan dengan yang ada di Pinabuto karena
mengandung magma silika yang rendah yang terbuat dari basal. Informasi ini terdapat pada
paragraf terakhir: … contain especially low-silica magmas made of basalt, which means they
have much less explosive oomph
6. Jawaban D How a bloodhound's sense of smel works
Key word : What does it actually smell when a bloodhound trails
Pembahasan : bacaan di atas tentang bagaimana cara kerja indra penciuman anjing pelacak
7. Jawaban A key
key word : like a key into a lock
pembahasan : melekul bau menempati situs reseptornya seperti kunci dan gembok
8. Jawaban B bloodhound
Key word:When a bloodhound trails
Pembahasan:subjek frase sebelumnya adalah anjing pelacak,sehingga frasa berikutnya juga
menjelaskan anjing pelacak.
9. Jawaban C 50 million
Key word : The human body sheds exposed skin at a rate of 50 million cells a day
Pembahasan:tubuh manusia,yang terdiri dari sekitar 60 trilion sel-sel hidup,berganti kulit
sampai sejumlah 50 juta sel per hari.
10. Jawaban D filled with an abundance of clues
Key word:kaya,penuh
Pembahasan : rich=penuh,kaya=filled with
paved with precious materials=dilapisi barang berharga;
a profitable business to get into=bisnis yang menguntungkan untuk masuk ke;
a very costly undertaking=usaha yang sangat mahal
11. Jawaban B Bacteria
Key word:these bacteria release volatile substances
Pembahasan:bakteri melepaskan zat volatil yang menyerang hidung anjing pelacak
sebagai sebuah aroma khas.
12. Jawaban B What
make the sea cucumber unusual
Key word : no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber
Pembahasan:paragraf dibuka dengan keunikan teripang,yang berlanjut
dengan pembahasan
mengenai keunikan-keunikan tersebut
13 Jawaban A odd (aneh)
Penbahasan:bizzare=aneh=odd,
marine=laut
simple=sederhana,
rare=jarang
14. Jawaban
B live at a low metabolic rate
Key word:to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate
Pembahasan:teripang mimiliki kemampuan untuk diam dan hidup pada tingkat
metabolisme
rendah-sedikit makan atau tidak sama sekali untuk waktu yang lama.
15. Jawaban C It
helps them to protect themselves from danger
Key word:to squeeze into crevices
Pembahasan:Bentuk teripang memungkinkan mereka untuk menghimpit ke
celah-celah
di mana mereka aman dari predator dan arus laut
16. Jawaban
D the
eating habits of sea cucumbers
Key word:they eating day and night
Pembahasan:paragraf keempat bercerita tentang kebiasaan makan teripang
baik siang malam
ataupun kemampuan metabolisme rendahnya.
Semoga soal-soal dan pembahasan diatas bermanfaat untuk adik-adik semua.
Selamat belajar. Good luck ...
Wassalamualaikum warrahmatullahiwabarrakatuh
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