16 Tenses lengkap : Penjelasan, Soal dan Pembahasan

Assalamualaikum wr wb.

Dalam belajar bahasa Inggris kita mempelajari 4 skills yaitu listening, speaking, reading dan writing. untuk itu kita belajar banyak kosa kata agar cepat menguasainya. terutama jika kita ingin menguasai skill writing, kita harus tahu cara membuat kalimat yang sesuai dengan structure (susunan) nya, oleh karena itu penting sekali untuk mengetahui tenses apa yang harus digunakan. Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu). Nah berikut ini adalah 16 tenses yang ada dalam bahasa Inggris.

16 Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris

1.  Simple Present
(+) S + V1 (+es/s)                    = Sun Rises from east (matahari terbit dari timur).
(-) S + Do/Does + not +V1       = I don’t know where to go.
(?) Do/Does + not + S + V1?   = Do you speak English? (apakah kamu berbahasa Inggris?)
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan kebenaran mutlak. seperti contoh nomor 1.
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan rutin. e.g: I go to school everyday

2.  Present Continuous.
(+) S + am/is/are + Ving             = I am going to your home tomorrow
(-)  S + am/is/are + not + Ving    = I am not crying. (aku tidak (sedang) menangis)
(?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?           = Are you still waiting for some one?
Fungsi:
– Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung
– Menunjukkan Pekerjaan yang pasti dilakukan di masa yang akan datang (contoh no 1)

3.  Present Perfect
(+) S + have/has + V3               = Peter has gone just now.
(-)  S + have/has + not + V3      = I have not done my home work yet.
(?) Have/has + S + V3?             = Have you already taken a bath?
Fungsinya:
– Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah usai pada saat sekarang.

4.  Present Perfect Continuous

     (+) S + have/has + been + Ving           = It has been raining since at six o’clock
(-)  S + have/has + not + been + Ving  = I haven’t been eating for whole day
(?) Have/has + S + been + Ving           = Has she been waiting for me for a long this time?
Fungsi:
– Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi dan masih ada kemungkinan terjadi sampai nanti.

5.  Simple Past.
(+) S + V2 + O                         = I went to school alone yesterday.
(-)  S + did + not + Inf (V1)      = You didn’t tell that you took my money yesterday.
(?) Did + S + Inf (V1)               = Did you came home last year?
Fungsi:
Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang terjadi pada masa lampau, tanpa ingin menekankan bahwa ia sedang, atau telah selesai melakukan pekerjaan tsb.

6.  Past Continuous.
(+) S + was/were + Ving            = I was sleeping when you came.
(-)  S + was/were + not + Ving   = You weren’t listening to me when I was singing
(?)  Was/were + S + Ving           = Was she still reading while father called her?
Fungsi:
Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau, ketika pekerjaan lain terjadi, baik pekerjaan lain itu menyela (seperti contoh nomor1) atau terjadi bersama-sama (seperti contoh nomor 2).

7.  Past Perfect.
(+) S + Had + V3              = She had gone before you came
(-)  S + Had + not + V3     = I hadn’t already taken a bath when you visit me
(?)  Had + S + V3             = Had you already graduated from senior high school last year?
Fungsi:
Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah selesai ketika pekerjaan lain baru dimulai pada masa lampau.

8.  Past Perfect Continuous.
(+) S + had + been + Ving     = Rooney had been playing football for 3 years till he     

                                                      decided to stop last year.
(-)  S+had+not+been+Ving    = I had not learning English for a year at 2010
(?) had+S+been+Ving           = Had father been working at PT.Astra for 10 years 

                                                      last year?
Fungsi:
Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi pada masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu pada masa lampau.

9.  Simple Future.
(+) S + will + Inf (V1)            = I will always love you if you love me too
(-)  S + will+ not + Inf (V1)    = I won’t let you go
(?) Will + S + Inf (V1)            = Will you come to my party?
Fungsinya:
– Menunjukkan pekerjaan sederhana yang akan terjadi
– Untuk membuat Conditional Sentence type I.

10. Future Continuous.
 (+) S + will + be + Ving            = He will be climbing Krakatau with her friends on sunday
 (-)  S+ will + not + be + Ving    = I wont be traveling next week.
 (?)  Will + S + be + Ving           = will you be still sleeping at 7 a.m tomorrow morning?
 Fungsi:
 – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.

11. Future Perfect.
 (+) S + will + have + V3               = He will have arrived by the end of this month
 (-)  S + will + have + not + V3      = He will not have slept at the time you go home.
 (?) Will + S + have + V3               = will you have taken bath at 4 pm?
 Fungsi:
 – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah selesai di masa yang akan datang.

12. Future Perfect Continuous.
 (+) S+will+have+been+Ving,        = He will have been working for 3 hours at 9 am 

                                                              tomorrow.
 (-)  S+will+have+not+been+Ving, = She will have not been traveling for 3 weeks next

                                                              sunday.
 (?) Will+S+have+been+Ving,        = will you have been diving in the sea for 3 hours

                                                              at mid day?
 Fungsi: Sama dengan Present Perfect Continuous, bedanya: kejadiannya tidak sekarang

                  tapi di masa depan.

13. Past Future
 (+): S + would + Infinitive/V1,          = I would have gone if you didn’t prevent me.
 (-): S + would + not + Infinitive/V1,  = You would not come to your party yesterday,  

                                                                 whatever happened.                                       

     (?): Would + S + Infinitive/V1,          = Would you attend my wedding party if 

                                                                 I invited you?
 Fungsi:
 – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.
 – Untuk membuat kalimat Conditional Sentence Type II.

14. Past Future Continuous.
 (+) S + would + be + Ving            = When I was born, He would be working at this

                                                             company for 2 years.

      (-)  S + would + not + be + Ving  = You would not be walking alone, if I were not sick.
 (?) Would + S + be + Ving           = Would you be standing by me, if I slept yesterday?
 Fungsi:
 – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan sedang dilakukan di masa lampau.

15. Past Future Perfect.
 (+) S + would + have + been + V3           = This house would have been painted if all 

                                                                          workers had came yesterday.

 (-)  S + would + not + have + been + V3  = It would not have been finished by the end of 

                                                                      last month.

 (?) Would +S+ have+ been+ V3               = Would he have been delivered all my orders 

                                                                      if I had paid my bill?

 Fungsi:
 – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan sudah selesai dilakukan pada masa lampau.
 – Untuk membuat kalimat Conditional Sentence Type III.

 

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous.
  (+) S + would + have + been + V-ing          = You would have been sleeping
  (-) S + would + not + have + been + V-ing  = She would not have been crying
  (?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing?       = Would you have living at London for 

                                                                             3 years last year?

      Fungsi:

      – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedianya akan telah dilakukan dan masih          

         dilakukan pada masa lalu.

simak latihan soal dan pembahasan di halaman 2.